Design a Moore Machine to determine residue modulo 4 of a given Binary number Theory of Computation

Theory of computation fundamentals course, in this course we will learn about the Theory of Computation fundamentals, exploring the mathematical and conceptual foundations that underpin computer science. We will begin with computational models such as Turing Machines, Finite Automata, and Pushdown Automata, which help us understand what can be computed and how. We will delve into formal languages, examining Regular Languages, Context-Free Languages, Context-Sensitive Languages, and Recursively Enumerable Languages, and their respective grammars and automata. The course will cover Computational Complexity Theory, focusing on classifying problems based on their difficulty and resources required, exploring complexity classes like P, NP, and NP-Complete, and understanding lower bounds. Decidability will also be a key topic, distinguishing between decidable and undecidable problems. We will learn about reductions and completeness, transforming problems to prove their complexity and understanding NP-Completeness. By the end of this course, students will grasp the essential principles of computation, enabling them to analyze and design efficient algorithms and computational systems. This knowledge is crucial for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of the theoretical aspects of computer science and its practical applications.