Coronary artery disease (also called coronary heart disease) NCLEX lecture video on the nursing interventions, treatment, and medications for CAD. CAD is the build up of fatty plaques due to atherosclerosis that causes the arteries of the heart to become narrow. This leads to restrictive blood supply to the heart muscle which can lead to chest pain (stable or unstable angina) to myocardial infraction (MI). Nursing interventions for coronary heart disease include education about modifying lifestyle such as smoking cessation, diet (low fat and calorie), and exercise. Medication management plays another role in coronary artery disease management. As the nurse, it is important to provide education to patients about being compliant with medications, how to take them, and possible side effects. Medications for CAD include nitrates (Nitroglycerin), antiplatelets (Aspirin or Plavix), statins (Lipitor), beta blockers (Metoprolol), or ACE inhibitors (Lisinopril).
The main coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood include the left and right coronary artery. The left coronary artery branches off into the left circumflex artery and left anterior descending artery. The right coronary artery branches off into the right marginal artery and posterior descending artery. If ischemia has been present for a long time collateral circulation can develop as well. This is where tiny blood vessel re-route blood supply to the heart to pass the blockage. Signs and symptoms of heart disease include: chest pain (especially with activity and is relieved with rest which is known as stable angina), shortness of breath, feeling very tired. Coronary artery disease is diagnosed in various ways: lipid profile which measures the cholesterol levels, EKG, stress test, heart catheterization. Don't forget to check out part 1 of this lecture which covers the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, risk factors, and treatments for coronary artery disease.

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