What is an AV fistula? AV stands for arteriovenous, and fistula means a connection between two structures. Therefore, in an AV fistula, there's a connection between an artery and a vein.

AV fistulas are sometimes surgically created in patients who need long-term hemodialysis. The AV fistula is used as an access portal to send blood from the patient to the dialysis machine, which filters waste, and then the blood is put back into the patient via the AV fistula.

There are two things an AV fistula should have: A thrill and a bruit. A thrill is assessed by palpation and feels like a vibration (similar to a cat's purr or stronger).

A bruit is a loud swooshing sound that you can hear best with the bell of your stethoscope.

These are both important findings in patients with an AV fistula, and if you don't notice them, you should report it immediately.

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