Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis that develops due to the deterioration of the articular hyaline cartilage of the bone.

Osteoarthritis symptoms include: bony outgrowth formation, such as Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes. Heberden's nodes are found on the distal interphalangeal joint. While Bouchard's nodes are found on the proximal interphalangeal joint. Other symptoms include: morning stiffness less than 30 minutes, crepitus, affects the weight-bearing joints such as hands, hips, knees, and spine, it is NOT symmetrical or systemic.

Risk factors for developing OA include: older age, obesity, strenuous jobs, genetics, repeated joint injuries. There is no cure for osteoarthritis but it can be managed with weight loss, exercise, medications, and surgery.

Diagnostic tools include x-ray imaging, which will show osteophytes (bones spurs), sclerosis of the bones (abnormal hardening of the bones), and decreased joint space.

Treatment for osteoarthritis include exercise, which is very beneficial. This includes low-impact exercises (walking, water aerobics, stationary bike riding), strength training (lifting weights), and range of motion exercises. It is best to avoid high-impact exercises such as running, jogging, jump rope etc.

More treatments for osteoarthritis include: medications (NSAIDS, intra-articular corticosteroids injections, topical creams, tylenol, glucosamine etc.)

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