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An X-ray machine is a medical device that is used to produce X-ray images of the inside of the body for diagnostic purposes. It works by generating X-ray radiation, which can pass through the body and create images of the internal structures. Here are the key components and the working mechanism of an X-ray machine:
Components of an X-ray Machine:
X-ray Tube: This is the core component of the machine. It consists of an anode and a cathode. The cathode emits a stream of electrons, which are accelerated towards the anode when a high voltage is applied. When the electrons strike the anode, X-rays are generated.
High-Voltage Generator: It supplies the necessary electrical voltage to the X-ray tube. The high voltage accelerates the electrons in the X-ray tube, leading to the production of X-rays.
Control Panel: This interface allows the radiologic technologist or physician to set exposure parameters such as exposure time and radiation intensity. Modern X-ray machines have digital control panels for precise adjustments.
Collimator: It is a device that shapes and limits the X-ray beam to the area of interest. This helps reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to surrounding tissues.
Detector: X-ray detectors are used to capture the X-rays that pass through the body and create an image. Common detectors include film, image intensifiers, and digital detectors (such as CCD or CMOS sensors).
Working Mechanism of an X-ray Machine:
Electron Emission: When the X-ray machine is turned on, an electric current is sent to the cathode of the X-ray tube. The cathode emits a stream of electrons due to thermionic emission.
Acceleration of Electrons: The high-voltage generator applies a high voltage between the cathode and anode, causing the emitted electrons to accelerate towards the anode. As they hit the anode, they release energy in the form of X-rays.
X-ray Production: When the fast-moving electrons collide with the anode, they interact with the anode material (usually tungsten) and produce X-ray photons through two processes: Bremsstrahlung radiation (braking radiation) and characteristic radiation.
X-ray Beam Formation: The X-ray beam generated at the anode then passes through the patient's body. Dense tissues like bones absorb more X-rays and appear white on the X-ray image, while less dense tissues like muscles and organs allow more X-rays to pass through and appear darker.
Image Detection: The X-rays that pass through the body strike the detector on the other side. The detector records the intensity of X-rays at different points, creating an image of the internal structures.
Image Processing: In digital X-ray systems, the captured data is converted into a digital image that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer screen. This allows for easy storage, sharing, and post-processing of the X-ray images.