An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a medical test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. It is a non-invasive test that is commonly used to diagnose heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and heart disease.

The working principle of an ECG involves placing several small electrodes on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs. These electrodes are connected to a machine that records the electrical signals produced by the heart as it beats.

As the heart beats, it produces electrical signals that travel through the heart and into the surrounding tissues. These signals can be detected by the electrodes on the skin, which transmit the signals to the ECG machine.

The ECG machine records these signals as a series of waves, which are displayed on a monitor or printed on paper. The waves on the ECG represent different stages of the heart's electrical activity, including the depolarization (contraction) and repolarization (relaxation) of the heart's chambers.

By analyzing the waves on the ECG, doctors can diagnose a wide range of heart conditions and abnormalities, such as irregular heart rhythms, damage to the heart muscle, and conduction system abnormalities.

In summary, an ECG works by measuring the electrical signals produced by the heart and displaying them as a series of waves on a monitor or paper. This test is a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring heart conditions.

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