Job expansion is the process of making jobs less specialized. Jobs can be expanded through rotation, enlargement, and enrichment. The trend is toward organic structure, giving employees more job autonomy. Job rotation involves performing different jobs in some sequence, each one for a set period.

Related to job rotation is cross-training, so employees learn to perform different jobs so they can fill in for those who are not on the job. Job enlargement involves adding tasks to broaden variety. Although you can add more variety of tasks to a highly repetitive, boring job, once the new tasks are mastered, the job is still rather boring. Job enrichment is the process of building motivators into the job itself to make it more interesting and challenging. To enrich jobs, firms are using more flexible work arrangements.