There are four situational communications styles based primarily on four behaviors. These behaviors can be characterized as a combination of two dimensions: task and relationship. In task behavior, you focus on getting the job done primarily through directing the receiver in what to do and how to do it.

In relationship behavior, you elicit others’ input, and you listen and respond with supportive behavior. Task and relationship behavior can be described as high or low, depending on the amount of emphasis placed on each of the two dimensions during communication.

The most appropriate communication style to use in a specific situation varies based on communication control of task and relationship behaviors, as discussed below. Autocratic communication style demonstrates high task–low relationship behavior, initiating a closed presentation. You initiate and control the communication with minimal, if any, response. You make a presentation letting the other parties know they are expected to comply with your message.

Consultative communication style demonstrates high task–high relationship behavior, using a closed presentation for the task with an open elicitation for the relationship. You initiate the communication by letting the other party know that you want him or her to buy into your influence. You are closed to having your message accepted (task) but open to the person’s feelings (relationship).

Participative communication style demonstrates low task–high relationship behavior, responding with open elicitation, some initiation, and little presentation. You respond by eliciting others’ input on how to do things or convey personal support and make decisions together.

Laissez-faire communication style demonstrates low task–low relationship behavior. You respond to the other party with the information, structure, and so forth that the sender wants. When selecting the appropriate communication style, you should consider four variables: time, information, acceptance, and capability. Answering the questions related to each variable below can help you select the appropriate style for the situation.