The normative model (formerly known as the leader-participation model) identifies five decision-making styles, each reflecting a different degree of participation by group members.

Decide. The leader makes the decision alone and either announces or sells it to the group. The leader might use expertise in collecting information from the group or others who appear to have information relevant to the problem.

Consult (Individually). The leader presents the problem to the group members individually, gathers their suggestions, and then makes the decision.

Consult (Group). The leader presents the problem to group members in a meeting, gathers their suggestions, and then makes the decision.

Facilitate. The leader presents the problem and then acts as a facilitator, defining the problem to be solved and the boundaries in which the decision must be made. The leader avoids having his or her ideas receive more weight based on position power.

Delegate. The leader permits the group to make the decision within prescribed limits. Although the leader does not directly intervene in the group’s deliberations unless explicitly asked, he or she works behind the scenes, providing resources and encouragement.