On-the-job training (OJT) involves conducting training at a trainee’s regular workstation. Most employees receive at least some training and coaching on the job. Some argue that employees learn and retain more through informal learning on the job than they do through formal training programs. Unfortunately, much on-the-job training is conducted informally, without structure, planning, or careful thought.

Structured OJT programs are generally conducted by an assigned trainer who is recognized, rewarded, and trained to provide appropriate instructional techniques. OJT facilitates the transfer of learning to the job because the trainee has an immediate opportunity to practice the work tasks. Transfer of learning is enhanced because the learning environment is the same as the performance environment OJT also reduces training costs because no training facilities are needed.

There are limitations to OJT. Using OJT while customers are present may inconvenience them and temporarily reduce the quality of service. OJT involving equipment or chemicals may threaten the safety of others who are working close by. Job instruction training (JIT) is defined as a sequence of instructional procedures used by a trainer to train employees while they work in their assigned jobs. It is a form of OJT. Preparation may include providing employees with a training manual, handouts, or other job aids that can be used as references. Some trainers demonstrate the task before asking the trainee to repeat the process.