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Geʽez (ግዕዝ Gəʿəz)
Native to: Eritrea, Ethiopia
Extinct: Estimates range from the 5th century BC to sometime before the 10th century. Remains in use as a liturgical language.
Language family: Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)
referred to in some scholarly literature as Classical Ethiopic) is an ancient South Semitic language of the Ethiopic branch. The language originates from the region encompassing Eritrea and northern Ethiopia regions in East Africa.
Today, Geʽez is used only as the main liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the Ethiopian Catholic Church and Eritrean Catholic Church, and the Beta Israel Jewish community. However, in Ethiopia, Amharic or other local languages, and in Eritrea and Ethiopia's Tigray Region, Tigrinya may be used for sermons. Amharic, Tigrinya and Tigre are closely related to Geʽez.
The closest living languages to Geʽez are Tigre, Tigrinya and Amharic, with lexical similarity at 71%, 68% and 74% respectively. Some linguists do not believe that Geʽez constitutes a common ancestor of modern Ethiosemitic languages, but that Geʽez became a separate language early on from another hypothetical unattested language, which can be seen as an extinct sister language of Amharic, Tigre and Tigrinya.