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Turoyo (Sūrayṯ / ܣܘܪܝܬ)
Native to: Turkey, Syria
Region: Mardin Province of southeastern Turkey; Al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria
Native speakers: 103,300 (2019)
Language family: Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)
ISO 639-3 tru
Glottolog: turo1239

Turoyo, also referred to as Surayt, is a Central Neo-Aramaic language traditionally spoken in southeastern Turkey and northern Syria by Assyrians. Most speakers use the Classical Syriac language for literature and worship.

Turoyo speakers are currently mostly members of the Syriac Orthodox Church, but there are also Turoyo-speaking members of the Chaldean Catholic Church, especially from the town of Midyat, and of the Assyrian Church of the East. It is also currently spoken in the Syriac Diaspora, although classified as a vulnerable language.

Turoyo is not mutually intelligible with Western Neo-Aramaic having been separated for over a thousand years, while mutual intelligibility with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic is limited.

Contrary to what these language names suggest, they are not specific to a particular church, with members of the Assyrian Church of the East and Chaldean Catholic Church speaking Assyrian dialects, and members of the Syriac Orthodox Church speaking Turoyo.

Special Thanks to Eli - Xaphan