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Corsican (Corsu, lingua corsa)
Native to: France, Italy
Region: Corsica, Sardinia (Maddalena archipelago)
Native speakers: 125,000 in Corsica (2009)
Language family: Indo-European (Romance)
All the speakers in this video come from different regions of Northern Corsica. There are different pronunciation peculiarities in northern Corsica regions:
- The most important is the mutation of the consonants. Some consonants have 2 pronunciations: a strong
“pretta” or soft “frolla” depending on their position in a word or phrase. These are called the
“cambiarine” i.e “shiftings”. The mutation occurs when a voiced consonant is in intervocalic position
(between two vowels) or when a voiceless consonant is preceded by a vowel. However there is no
mutation at the beginning of a sentence, for the double consonants, after a pause or after a stressed vowel
at the end of a word (highlighted by a grave accent). For example in the phrase: “trè pani bianci” the
letter “p” will be pronounce [p] and the letter “b” as a [w] but in the phrase “u pane hè biancu” the letter
“p” will be pronounce [b] and the letter “b” as a [b]. In North Corsica, all consonants mutate except: l, m,
n, r, sc, sg, gn, gli. In the south, only c, f, s, v (and ghj at the beginning of a phrase) mutate.
- Betacism: in all the north Corsica, the letters “b” and “v” are pronounce (in strong position i.e. without
mutation) both like a [b].
- Rhotacism: in the region of Balagna and the region of Bastia the letter “L” is often pronounce like the
letter “R”. The same goes to a lesser extent for the letter “D”.
- In north-east Corsica (region of Bastia, Nebbio, Castagniccia and Cap Corse), the letter “a” is sometimes
pronounced [æ] (between [a] and [ɛ]) or even more as a [ɛ] e.g. “piaghja”, “piacè”... It always happens
in the sequence “ar” which the [a] always evolves towards [æ] or [ɛ].
- In Bastia, the letter “s” in the sequence “st” is pronounce [ʃ].
- When a group [vowel + “n” or “m”] is found in front of a consonant, the vowel becomes nasalized. It’s
called a “nasògnulu” i.e. nasal. Nasalization does not occur in the case of double “n” or “m”. In North
Corsica, when the group [vowel + “n”] is followed by a “b” or “v”, the letter “n” is pronounce as an “m”.