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Parthian / Arsacid Pahlavi (Pahlawānīg)
Native to: Parthian Empire (incl. Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Iberia and Arsacid Dynasty of Caucasian Albania)
Region: Parthia, ancient Iran
Era: State language 248 BC – 224 AD. Marginalized by Middle Persian from the 3rd century, though longer existent in the Caucasus due to several eponymous branches
Language family: Indo-European (Parthian
Arsacid Pahlavi
Pahlawānīg
Native to: Parthian Empire (incl. Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Iberia and Arsacid Dynasty of Caucasian Albania)
Region Parthia, ancient Iran
Era State language 248 BC – 224 AD. Marginalized by Middle Persian from the 3rd century, though longer existent in the Caucasus due to several eponymous branches
Language family
Indo-European (Indo-Iranian)

The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlawānīg, is a now-extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Parthia, a region situated in present-day northeastern Iran and Turkmenistan. Parthian was the language of state of the Arsacid Parthian Empire (248 BC – 224 AD), as well as of its eponymous branches of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Iberia, and the Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania.

This language had a significant impact on Armenian, a large part of whose vocabulary was formed primarily from borrowings from Parthian; its derivational morphology and syntax was also affected by language contact, but to a lesser extent. Many ancient Parthian words were preserved, and now only survive in Armenian.

Parthian was a Western Middle Iranian language. Language contact made it share some features of the Eastern Iranian language group, the influence of which is attested primarily in loanwords. Some traces of Eastern influence survive in Parthian loanwords in Armenian. Parthian loanwords appear in everyday Armenian vocabulary; nouns, adjectives, adverbs, denominative verbs, and administrative and religious lexicons.

Taxonomically, Parthian, an Indo-European language, belongs to the Northwestern Iranian language group while Middle Persian belongs to the Southwestern Iranian language group.

LINKS:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthian_language#:~:text=The%20Parthian%20language%2C%20also%20known,day%20northeastern%20Iran%20and%20Turkmenistan.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthia
http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Pahlavi.html#:~:text=Pahlavi%20is%20the%20prototypical%20Middle,the%20ancestor%20of%20Modern%20Persian.
https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/iran/miran/manich/manreadc/manret.htm
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parthian-language
http://turfan.bbaw.de/bilder/texte/textepadeutsch.pdf
https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/iran/miran/manich/manreadc/manret.htm

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