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Serrano (Maarrênga'twich)
Native to: United States
Region: Southern California
Ethnicity: Serrano people
Extinct: 2002, with the death of Dorothy Ramon
Revival: 6 self-identified speakers as of 2009-2018
Language family: Uto-Aztecan

is a language in the Serran branch of the Uto-Aztecan family spoken by the Serrano people of Southern California. The language is closely related to Tongva, Tataviam, Kitanemuk and Vanyume. Serrano has free word order with the only rule being that verbs usually come last.

According to Ethnologue, there was 1 speaker in 1994. The last fully fluent speaker was Dorothy Ramon, who died in 2002. During the last years of Dorothy Ramon's life, she worked with linguist Eric Elliot. Together they wrote a book named Wayta' Yawa' (Always Believe). This book was written in Serrano and in English which talks about the Serrano culture and the life of Dorothy Ramon, which in turn saved the Serrano language from complete extinction. After Dorothy Ramon's death, the language is now considered dormant, as revitalization efforts have allowed the language to survive in some form.

Traditionally referring to themselves as Maarrênga'yam meaning "people of Maarra" (Maarra' is considered to be modern-day Twentynine Palms) or Yuhaviatam meaning "people of the pines," the Serrano people originally occupied the area near the Mojave River and San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California. In 1891 the United States established the San Manuel Reservation for the Serrano people where many of its last speakers lived. In 1967, Researcher Kenneth Cushman Hill noted that about 6 people still spoke the now dormant language. As of today, the nephew of Dorothy Ramon is seen as the last person who is able to speak the language at a fluent level.

LINKS:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrano_language#:~:text=The%20Serrano%20language%20(Serrano%3A%20Maarr%C3%AAnga,that%20verbs%20usually%20come%20last.
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/serrano.htm
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCf1aAqXKmpixdCO81P9UFZg
Music: https://youtu.be/G0rV-xlJyQA