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Pontic Greek (ποντιακά, pontiaká, понтиакá)
Region: originally the Pontus on the Black Sea coast; Russia, Georgia, and Turkey
Native speakers: 778,000 (2009-2015)
Language family: Indo-European (Greek)
Pontic Greek (Greek: Ποντιακή διάλεκτος, romanized: Pontiakí diálektos; Pontic Greek: Ποντιακόν λαλίαν, romanized: Pontiakón lalían) is a Greek dialect originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, the Eastern Turkish/Caucasus province of Kars, southern Georgia and today mainly in northern Greece. Its speakers are referred to as Pontic Greeks or Pontian Greeks.
The linguistic lineage of Pontic Greek stems from Ionic Greek via Koine and Byzantine Greek, and contains influences from Georgian, Russian, Turkish and Armenian.
Pontic Greek is an endangered Indo-European language spoken by about 778,000 people worldwide. However, only 200,000–300,000 are considered active speakers. Although it is mainly spoken in Northern Greece, it is also spoken in Turkey, Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Kazakhstan and by the Pontic diaspora. The language was brought to Greece in the 1920s after the expulsion of the Christian Pontic Greeks from their homeland during the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. However, it is still spoken in pockets of the Pontus today, mostly by Pontic Greek Muslims in the eastern districts of Trabzon Province. Pontic Greek is considered a dialect of modern Greek, although reportedly, the speakers of each do not fully understand each other.It is primarily written in the Greek script, while in Turkey and Ukraine the Latin script is used more frequently.