In this video, we discuss authorization and authentication as covered on the information Systems and Controls ISC CPA Exam.
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o enhance their cybersecurity defenses, organizations should not only use sophisticated security software and hardware but also adopt key operational practices that support these technologies. Such practices are essential for addressing and adapting to the continuously changing threat landscape. Here are a few of these critical practices explained:

Zero Trust: This approach assumes that threats can exist both outside and inside the network. Therefore, it verifies the identity and integrity of all devices and users before granting access to the organization's resources, essentially adopting a "trust no one, verify everyone" stance.

Least Privilege: This principle involves giving users and systems only the minimum levels of access—or permissions—needed to perform their tasks. This limits the potential damage that can be done if those credentials are compromised.

Need-to-Know Principle: Similar to least privilege, this principle restricts access to information to only those individuals who require that information to perform their job. It's a way to further minimize the risk of sensitive information being exposed to those who don't need it for their work.

Whitelisting: This is a security measure where only pre-approved software, applications, and activities are allowed to run on the network. It helps prevent unauthorized or malicious software from executing and potentially harming the system.

Incorporating these practices into an organization's IT architecture and policies strengthens the overall security posture by complementing the protection offered by cybersecurity tools. Through these measures, organizations can better safeguard their data and systems against a wide range of threats.

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