In this video, we discuss host based cybersecurity attacks as covered on the Information Systems and Controls ISC CPA exam.
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Host-based Attacks
Explanation: Host-based attacks focus on individual devices or systems, such as computers, smartphones, or servers. The attacker aims to either disrupt the device's normal operations or gain unauthorized access to sensitive information stored on it.

Example: A common example is a ransomware attack on a personal laptop, where the attacker encrypts the user's files and demands payment for their release.

Brute Force Attacks
Explanation: In brute force attacks, attackers use automated software to generate a vast number of guesses to crack passwords. This method can range from trying every possible keyboard combination to employing more sophisticated approaches, like using common passwords or patterns first before moving on to random combinations.

Example: An attacker might use a brute force attack to gain access to an online account by systematically testing all possible passwords until the correct one is found. If your password is "12345," a simple brute force attack could quickly uncover it.

Keystroke Logging
Explanation: Keystroke logging involves capturing and recording the keys pressed on a keyboard, typically without the user's knowledge. This data can reveal sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and personal messages. It's often implemented through malicious software (a "Trojan horse") that infects the computer.

Example: A user might download what appears to be a legitimate software update, but it actually contains a keystroke logger. As the user types their login details for various accounts, the logger records this information, sending it back to the attacker.

Malware
Explanation: Malware, short for malicious software, encompasses any software designed to harm or exploit any programmable device, service, or network. Malware breaches a device's confidentiality, integrity, or availability, with common types including viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and spyware.

Example: A virus that spreads through email attachments might infect a computer once the attachment is opened. The virus could then replicate itself and spread to other computers, delete files, or steal passwords.

Rogue Mobile Apps
Explanation: Rogue mobile apps mimic legitimate applications to deceive users into installing them. Once installed, these malicious apps can steal information, facilitate unauthorized access to the device, or perform other harmful actions.

Example: A user might download an app that poses as a popular game but, in reality, is designed to access and transmit the user's contacts and messages to an attacker.

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