organizational structure, empowerment, disempowerment, horizontal differentiation, functional structure, autonomous division, product divisional structure, international division, geographic decisions, dual structure, linear structure, lack of coordination, discoordination, worldwide product divisional structure, worldwide area structure, localization strategy, global standardization strategy, international strategy, structural fragmentation, global matrix structure, dual hierarchy, power struggles, socio-cultural factors, keiretsu, Chaebol,