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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
0:40 What are the causes of bleeding after sex?
2:21 Risk factors that can cause vaginal dryness and lead to bleeding after sex in wwoman
3:39 How is the after sex vaginal bleeding diagnosed?


Postcoital bleeding is bleeding from the vagina after sexual intercourse and may or may not be associated with pain.[1] The bleeding can be from the uterus, cervix, vagina and other tissue or organs located near the vagina.[2] Postcoital bleeding can be one of the first indications of cervical cancer.[3][4] There are other reasons why vaginal bleeding may occur after intercourse. Some people will bleed after intercourse for the first time but others will not. The hymen may bleed if it is stretched since it is thin tissue. Other activities may have an effect on the vagina such as sports and tampon use.[5] Postcoital bleeding may stop without treatment.[6] In some instances, postcoital bleeding may resemble menstrual irregularities.[7] Postcoital bleeding may occur throughout pregnancy. The presence of cervical polyps may result in postcoital bleeding during pregnancy because the tissue of the polyps is more easily damaged.[8] Postcoital bleeding can be due to trauma after consensual and non-consensual sexual intercourse.[9][2]

A diagnosis to determine the cause will include obtaining a medical history and assessing the symptoms. Treatment is not always necessary.[10] Vaginal bleeding after sex is a symptom that can indicate:

pelvic inflammatory disease[10]
pelvic organ prolapse
uterine disease[11]
chlamydia or other sexually transmitted infection[10][12][13]
atrophic vaginitis[10]
childbirth
inadequate vaginal lubrication[2]
benign polyps
cervical erosion (inflammation of the cervix)[10][2]
cervical or vaginal cancer[10]
anatomical abnormality of the uterus, vagina or both.[11]
pregnancy
endometrial polyps
endometrial hyperplasia
endometrial carcinoma
leiomyomata
cervicitis
cervical dysplasia
endometriosis
coagulation defects
trauma[2]

Bleeding from hemorrhoids and vulvar lesions can be mistaken for postcoital bleeding.[2] Post coital bleeding can occur with discharge, itching, or irritation. This may be due to Trichomonas or Candida.[11] A lack of estrogen can make vaginal tissue thinner and more susceptible to bleeding. Some have proposed that birth control pills may cause postcoital bleeding.[4]

Risk factors for developing postcoital bleeding are: low estrogen levels, rape and 'rough sex'.[2] Vaginal bleeding after sex is a symptom that can indicate:

pelvic inflammatory disease[10]
pelvic organ prolapse
uterine disease[11]
chlamydia or other sexually transmitted infection[10][12][13]
atrophic vaginitis[10]
childbirth
inadequate vaginal lubrication[2]
benign polyps
cervical erosion (inflammation of the cervix)[10][2]
cervical or vaginal cancer[10]
anatomical abnormality of the uterus, vagina or both.[11]
pregnancy
endometrial polyps
endometrial hyperplasia
endometrial carcinoma
leiomyomata
cervicitis
cervical dysplasia
endometriosis
coagulation defects
trauma[2]

Bleeding from hemorrhoids and vulvar lesions can be mistaken for postcoital bleeding.[2] Post coital bleeding can occur with discharge, itching, or irritation. This may be due to Trichomonas or Candida.[11] A lack of estrogen can make vaginal tissue thinner and more susceptible to bleeding. Some have proposed that birth control pills may cause postcoital bleeding.[4]

Risk factors for developing postcoital bleeding are: low estrogen levels, rape and 'rough sex'.