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In this video I consider that while broad environmental factors like nutrition and education can't fully account for racial gaps in IQ, more subtle effects on individuals may help to explain some of these differences. Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson propsed a theory of stereotype threat which suggests that anxiety relating to confirming negative stereotypes may hinder performance. This isn't just for race and can include other aspects of identity which may have relevant negative stereotypes associated with them (for gender, orientation, age, etc.). This means that stereotypes could negatively impact performance even when we have valid, reliable, and unbiased tests, unbiased administrators, and subjects who don't actually believe the negative stereotypes.

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