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In this video I describe three approaches for thinking about dreaming; a Freudian perspective, the activation-synthesis model, and information-processing theory. Freud emphasized the role of the unconscious and believed that dreams could be divided into manifest content and latent content, while Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley's later activation-synthesis model viewed dreams as the result of random brain activation during sleep. An information-processing approach to understanding dreaming views REM (and dreaming) as a process for memory consolidation and integration, perhaps explaining why we frequently have dreams related to problems we're working on and why sleep can actually help us to improve on recently learned tasks. We also see common themes in dreams which may relate to problems that we may all face, such as dealing with death, aging, embarrassment, or escaping a predator.

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Robert Stickgold's TEDx talk on Sleep, Memory, & Dreams
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmRGNunPj3c