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In this video I discuss appraisal, perceived control, and learned helplessness. While primary appraisal refers to identifying whether something represents a threat, secondary appraisal refers to determining if one can manage or control a stressor. Stressors that can't be managed (or are perceived to be uncontrollable) can create greater stress responses. Learned helplessness represents an extreme example of lack of control, demonstrated by Seligman and Maier's study in which dogs failed to escape electric shocks after being taught that prior shocks were unavoidable. Rats taught to be helpless show similar symptoms to depression and also have higher levels of glucocorticoids, indicating their chronic stress. Lastly, control is some areas may influence perceived control and resilience in others, a topic which will be explored in future videos.

Seligman & Maier (1967) Failure to Escape Traumatic Shock: https://sci-hub.st/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0024514

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