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calendering, process of smoothing and compressing a material (notably paper) during production by passing a single continuous sheet through a number of pairs of heated rolls. The rolls in combination are called calenders

What is the purpose of calendering?
Calendering of textiles is a finishing process used to smooth, coat, or thin a material. With textiles, fabric is passed between calender rollers at high temperatures and pressures. Calendering is used on fabrics such as moire to produce its watered effect and also on cambric and some types of sateens.

Which material is used in calendering process?
PVC, ABS and PS constitute the majority of calendered thermoplastics, although some grades of polyethylene and polypropylene are also used. In a typical calendering process, raw materials are pumped into the storage media in the form of powder or liquids.

What are the advantages of calendering process?
Advantages of Calendering Process

Better control of film / sheet thickness. The properties are more uniform across the width of the product. Better optical properties due to cooling chilled rolls. PVC being heat sensitive material, it is safer by calendering process than extrusion process.

What are the characteristics of calendering?
The technological parameters of calendering may involve the following attributes: the speed of the roll, the output/throughput, the temperatures of the rolls, the separating forces applied to the rolls and the input power of each roll.