Thoracic vertebrae
Share your inquiries now with community members
Click Here
Sign up Now
Lessons List | 100
Lesson
Show More
Lessons
Comments
Related Courses in Medical
Course Description
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs; in mammals and reptiles these are called alveoli, and in birds they are known as atria. These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood. These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi. These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and tertiary bronchi that branch into numerous smaller tubes, the bronchioles. In birds the bronchioles are termed parabronchi. It is the bronchioles, or parabronchi that generally open into the microscopic alveoli in mammals and atria in birds. Air has to be pumped from the environment into the alveoli or atria by the process of breathing which involves the muscles of respiration.
In most fish, and a number of other aquatic animals (both vertebrates and invertebrates) the respiratory system consists of gills, which are either partially or completely external organs, bathed in the watery environment. This water flows over the gills by a variety of active or passive means. Gas exchange takes place in the gills which consist of thin or very flat filaments and lammelae which expose a very large surface area of highly vascularized tissue to the water.
Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The respiratory system in plants includes anatomical features such as stomata, that are found in various parts of the plant.
Trends
Making money with article writing
Caulifl ower mashed potatoes recipe healthy
Ethical Hacking
Email Marketing Software for beginners
Full Stack Development
French ratatouille recipe
Earning money From Fiverr for beginners
Hands on Application Development with Node js
Excel dashboard essentials for beginners
learn C C
Schedule facebook group Posts for beginners
MongoDB for Beginners
Angular CRUD for beginners
Woocommerce Fees
Java Script Your Own Blockchain
Autodesk Fusion 360
CSS CSS3
Underline Text in Photoshop for beginners
German reading skills development for absolute beginners
Presentation skills with keynote for beginners
Recent
Creating Google Ads account for beginners
Installing wordPress step by step
Converting PDF files to excel format
Uploading files in google drive 2023
Updating drivers on windows 11 for beginners
Changing mouse sensitivity in windows 10 or Laptop
Installing VLC media player in windows 10
Split Screen on macBook for beginners
Saving Locations in google maps for beginners
The complete Android Application Development Course in Hindi
WordPress Complete Course in Hindi
Swift Programming For IOS From Scratch Swift Programming Tutorial For Beginners
R Programming from Scratch
Adding shortcuts in google chrome for beginners
Data Structure using C from Scratch Data Structure Full Course C 2024
Creating aYouTube channel for beginners
PC performance optimization techniques
DATEDIF function in excel for beginners
Countif function in excel for beginners
Adding watermarks to word documents for beginners